Showing posts with label discrimination. Show all posts
Showing posts with label discrimination. Show all posts

When AI Gets You Wrong


 When AI Gets You Wrong
How Biased Data Shapes Your Job, Your Health, and Your Life
by m. seenarine
Xpyr Press. 2026. 219 pages
ISBN: 978-1-7346514-9-2
Available on Amazon

When Maya’s job application is silently rejected, she isn't given an interview, a contact name, or an explanation. She is left staring at a gap on her résumé where she cared for her aging mother, a life reduced to a single row in a database, deemed a "poor match" by an automated gatekeeper.

In When AI Gets You Wrong, Dr. M. Seenarine delivers a clear-eyed, urgent examination of how automated systems, language models, and predictive algorithms shape the modern human experience. From automated hiring and clinical healthcare predictions to social media polarization and AI companions, artificial intelligence is increasingly used to judge our worth, allocate public resources, and decide who gets access to essential opportunities. 

Through compelling real-world cases, rigorous analysis, and human-centered stories, Dr. Seenarine traces the journey of data across four critical stages:

- How the World Becomes Data: Why complex lives, employment gaps, and historical inequalities translate poorly into spreadsheets and web crawls.

- How Data Becomes Judgment: How shortcut learning, biased benchmark tests, instruction authority failures, and "hallucinations" convert incomplete evidence into automated authority.

- When Judgment Reaches You: The real-world consequences on employment, housing, healthcare, credit, and digital safety, and why those with the fewest resources bear the heaviest burden of machine error.

- What Better Would Require: Moving beyond technical "quick fixes" toward true contestability, data governance, and the fundamental right to question the machine.

When AI Gets You Wrong is an indispensable guide for anyone who has ever been categorized, scored, or turned away by a computer, and a vital call to action for building a future where technology serves human needs rather than automating historical injustice.


Understanding AI Bias


Understanding AI Bias
A Guide to Algorithms, Fairness, and Power
by m. seenarine
Xpyr Press. 2026. 216 pages
ISBN: 978-1-7346514-8-5
Available on Amazon

This book introduces AI bias through familiar experiences: social media feeds, college admissions, job applications, classroom tools, and image generators. It requires no coding or advanced mathematics. The book examines how bias enters AI systems, how it affects people, and what individuals, institutions, companies, and governments can do about it. It connects technical concepts with questions about identity, inequality, accountability, and democratic participation. Includes eighteen chapters, an introduction and conclusion, worked examples, discussion questions, classroom activities, a capstone project, glossary, and references.

Artificial Social Intelligence

 

Artificial Social Intelligence
Making AI Socially Responsible
by m. seenarine
Xpyr Press. 2026. 216 pages
ISBN-10: 1734651466
Available on Amazon

An AI answer can sound neutral while carrying the assumptions of a biased record, a narrow source archive, or an institution that cannot be challenged. Who gets heard, and who bears the cost when the answer is wrong?

Artificial Social Intelligence: Making AI Socially Responsible examines how AI bias affects women and marginalized communities in employment, language technology, search, and everyday answers. Drawing on sociological theory and documented studies, the book follows bias from data collection through generation, institutional use, and repair. It also examines black boxes and the promise and limits of model cards, audits, standards, and regulation.

Five questions guide the reader: What can be known? Who is heard? What does the answer do? Who can decide? What happens after harm? Together, they offer a way to judge both the answer on the screen and the organizations behind it.

Written for students, educators, researchers, AI developers, and community advocates, this book makes the case for AI systems that can be questioned, corrected, and held responsible.

Liberal Losers

Liberal Losers
When the Right Win, We All Lose

by m seenarine
Xpyr Press. 2024. 307 pages.
ISBN: 978-1-7346514-3-0
Available on Amazon

Summary

Conservative ideology in the United States has undergone a significant evolution since the nation's founding, becoming a defining force on the political landscape for decades. Rooted in core principles such as limited government, private ownership, individual liberty, and free-market capitalism, conservatism has been shaped by influential movements and figures like Barry Goldwater, Ronald Reagan, and the rise of the Tea Party. Understanding this historical context is crucial to grasping the modern right-wing agenda.

In recent years, Republicans have made notable gains in areas such as economic policy, social issues, immigration, environmental regulation, foreign policy, and judicial appointments. While right-wing ideology emphasizes values like limited government, its implementation can pose significant risks.

Liberal politics have also been pivotal in shaping the nation's trajectory. Grounded in the belief that government can and should be a force for good, progressive initiatives aim to tackle systemic inequalities and build a more inclusive and equitable society. This book explores the dynamic between conservative politics and liberal critiques across various domains, including the economy, social equality, democratic institutions, women's rights and health, immigration, the environment, and more.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Benefits of Liberal Politics - page 1
Chapter 2: Dangers of Right-Wing Politics - page 8
Chapter 3: Republican Economic Agenda - page 13
Chapter 4: Influence of Corporate Power - page 28
Chapter 5: Influence of Corporate Media - page 43
Chapter 6: Inequality & Homelessness - page 58
Chapter 7: Labor & Workers' Rights - page 76
Chapter 8: Republican Health Care - page 88
Chapter 9: Women's Reproductive Health - page 105
Chapter 10: Right-Wing Social Agenda - page 116
Chapter 11: 'War on Woke' - page 128
Chapter 12: Eurocentric Christian Nationalism - page 145
Chapter 13: Immigration Agenda - page 162
Chapter 14: 'Race' Relations & Diversity - page 178
Chapter 15: Hate Speech & Civil Rights - page 193
Chapter 16: Gun Rights & Violence - page 208
Chapter 17: Republican Prison Reform - page 223
Chapter 18: Right-Wing Environmental Agenda - page 235
Chapter 19: Criticisms of Right's Eco Agenda - page 247
Chapter 20: Going Beyond Conservativism - page 261
Sources - page 266

📣 Listen to Liberal Losers Podcasts (11 episodes) on Youtube   

Liberal Losers Podcast - Introduction

Read Online via Indie Author Project, a curated collection highlighting top indie books, perfect for your next binge-read.



TOC Detail

Chapter 1: Benefits of Liberal Politics
Introduction
Historical Roots of Liberal Politics
Liberal Politics & Economic Equality
Civil Rights & Social Justice
Healthcare as a Human Right
Education & Workforce Development
Environmental Sustainability
Conclusion

Chapter 2: Dangers of Right-Wing Politics
Introduction
Economy for the Wealthy
Increasing Social Inequality
Erosion of Democratic Institutions
Reducing Women's Rights & Health
Dehumanizing Immigrants
Deteriorating Environment
Conclusion

Chapter 3: Republican Economic Agenda
Introduction
Conservative Economics
Free Market Principles
Limited Government Intervention
Deregulation
Tax Cuts
Conservative Trade Policy
Liberal Criticisms of Free Market
Criticisms of Limited Government
Deteriorating Public Infrastructure
Liberal Criticisms of Deregulation
Liberal Criticisms of Tax Cuts
Tax Cuts & the Federal Deficit
Fiscal Responsibility
Criticisms of Conservative Trade Policy
Conclusion

Chapter 4: Influence of Corporate Power
Introduction
Conservative Views on Corporations
Interest Groups & Lobbying
Project 2025
Campaign Finance Freedom
Corporate Governance & Transparency
Liberal Criticisms of Corporate Lobbying
Corporate Tax & Profits
Corporate Bailouts
Criticisms of Campaign Finance Freedom
Criticisms of Citizens United (2010)
Supreme Court Corruption
Justice Clarence Thomas
Conclusion

Chapter 5: Influence of Corporate Media
Introduction
Media Consolidation
Impact of Media Consolidation
Conservative Mainstream Media
Right-Wing Talk Radio
Impact of Right-Wing Media
Media Defamation Lawsuits
Conclusion

Chapter 6: Inequality & Homelessness
Introduction
Conservative Views on Inequality
Welfare Reform & Work Requirements
Market-based Housing Policies
Support for Charitable Organizations
American Poverty
Undercounting the Poor
Racial Income Gap
Racial Wealth Gulf
Criticisms of Conservative Housing Policies
Racial Homeownership Disparity
California Housing Crisis
Florida Condo Crisis
Liberal Criticisms of Welfare Reform
Reduction of Federal Housing Assistance
Gentrification & Displacement
Homeless Crisis
Grants Pass v. Johnson (2024)
Causes of Homelessness
Liberal Criticisms of Charities
Conclusion

Chapter 7: Labor & Workers' Rights
Introduction
Free Market Principles
Personal Responsibility
Competitive Labor Markets
Labor Market Deregulation
Worker Freedom & Flexibility
Tax & Wage Policies
Education & Workforce Development
Racial Employment Gap
Liberal Criticisms of Personal Responsibility
Criticisms of Competitive Labor Markets
Criticisms of Labor Market Deregulation
Worker Flexibility vs. Job Security
Criticisms of Minimum Wage
Criticisms of Skills Training
Conclusion

Chapter 8: Republican Health Care
Introduction
Basis of Conservative Health Care
Repeal & Replace ACA
Attacks on Social Security & Medicare
Criticisms of Conservative Health Reform
American Health Care Act (AHCA) of 2017
Medicaid Reform
Declining Life Expectancy
Medical Debt Crisis
Impact of Medical Debt
Medical Tourism
Mental Health Crisis
Politicizing Mental Health
Drug Overdose Crisis
Addiction Treatment
Benefits of ACA
Proposals for Better Health
Conclusion

Chapter 9: Women's Reproductive Health
Introduction
Historical Context
Influence of Political Parties
Influence of Religious Organizations
Influence of Grassroots Movements
Broader Societal Attitudes
Conservative Gains Over Women
Texas Senate Bill 8 (SB8)
Mississippi's 15-Week Abortion Ban
Ohio's Heartbeat Bill
Alabama's Human Life Protection Act
Impact on Women's Rights
Impact on Women's Health
Impact on Society
Pro-Choice Advocacy Groups
Liberal Legal Challenges
New York's Reproductive Health Act (RHA)
Intersectional Approaches
Conclusion

Chapter 10: Right-Wing Social Agenda
Introduction
Individual Responsibility
Limited Government Intervention
Traditional Family Values
Project 2025 Social Policies
Conservative Education Reforms
Religious Freedom & Conscience Protections
Criticisms of Traditional Family Values
Criticisms of Project 2025
Ignoring the Mental Health Crisis
Criticisms of Conservative Educational Reforms
Religious Freedom vs. Discrimination
Conclusion

Chapter 11: War on 'Woke'
Introduction
Cultural Wars
Foundations of 'War on Woke'
Key Areas of 'War on Woke'
Right’s Boycott of Corporate America
Opposition to ESG or ‘Woke Capitalism’
Influence of Oil Lobby
'Stop WOKE Act' (2022)
'Don't Say Gay' Bill (2022)
Public Education Battles
Book Bans
Cultural Backlash
Identity Politics
Criticisms of 'War on Woke'
Criticisms of Conservative Curriculum
Criticisms of Book Bans
Conclusion

Chapter 12: Eurocentric Christian Nationalism
Introduction
Historical Roots
Exceptionalism & Biblical Literalism
European Supremacism
Immigration & Project 2025
Influence of Christian Nationalists
Social Implications
Charlottesville Unite the Right Rally (2017)
Capitol Riot (January 6, 2021)
Global Far-Right
Neo-Nazi Network
Criticisms of Christian Nationalism
Separation of Church & State
Christian Megachurches
Criticisms of Megachurches
Conclusion

Chapter 13: Immigration Agenda
Introduction
Border Security and Enforcement
Merit-Based Immigration
Legal Immigration Reform
Enforcement of Immigration Laws
Border Wall Construction
Travel Bans & Visa Restrictions
Ending DACA & TPS Programs
Expanding Public Charge Rule
Criticisms of Merit-Based Immigration
Benefits of Immigration
Economic Impact of Losing Immigrants
Liberal Criticisms of ‘The Wall’
Immigration Humanitarian Concerns
Cultural & Social Integration
Legal & Constitutional Issues
Conclusion

Chapter 14: 'Race' Relations & Diversity
Introduction
Individual Responsibility
Equal Opportunity
Equal Protection
Meritocracy
Colorblind Agenda
Blaming Cultural Factors
Reverse Discrimination
Ending Affirmative Action
Ending DEI
Voter ID Laws
Opportunity Zones
Empowerment Initiatives
Liberal Criticisms of Meritocracy
Criticisms of Colorblind Agenda
Criticisms of Cultural Determinism
Inclusive Meritocracy
Benefits of DEI
Benefits of Affirmative Action
Racist Voter ID Laws
Conclusion

Chapter 15: Hate Speech & Civil Rights
Introduction
Free Speech Absolutism
Individual Liberties
Defending Free Speech
Civil Discourse
Equal Protection Laws
Individual Rights vs. Group Equity
Principles of Group Equity
Challenges to Group Equity
Free Speech & Social Responsibility
Free Speech vs. Harmful Speech
Illusion of Free Speech
Musk & Hate Speech
Influence of Musk’s X
Liberal Criticisms of Absolutism
Effects of Hate Speech
Hate Crime Crisis
Racist Mass Shootings
Addressing Hate Crimes
Protecting Civil Rights
Enforcement of Civil Rights
Conclusion

Chapter 16: Gun Rights & Violence
Introduction
2nd Amendment
Individual Freedoms & Self-Defense
Cultural Significance of Guns
Opposing Gun Control
Supporting Legal Challenges
Expanding Gun Rights
Promoting Firearm Safety
Linking Crime to Mental Health
Gun Violence Crisis
Mass Shooting Crisis
Mass Killings: 2019-2023
Liberal Criticisms of Gun Rights
Public Safety vs. Individual Rights
Impact of Expanded Gun Rights
Gun Culture & Masculinity
Mental Health & Violence
Regulating Firearms
Conclusion

Chapter 17: Republican Prison Reform
Introduction
Criminal Justice Reform
First Step Act (2018)
Privatization of Prisons
Rehabilitation Programs
Incarceration Crisis
Criticisms of Conservative Reforms
Racist Justice System
Police Brutality Crisis
Victims of Police Brutality
Ending Police Brutality
Reforms & Racial Disparities
Mental Health & Crime
Improving Reforms
Conclusion

Chapter 18: Right-Wing Environmental Agenda
Introduction
Historical Context
Key Figures & Their Influence
Energy Independence & Security
Market-Based Solutions
Cap-and-Trade Systems
Carbon Tax
Renewable Energy Credits (RECs)
Private Land Conservation
Project 2025’s Eco Agenda
Influence of Conservative Media
Denying Climate Change
Withdrawing From Paris Agreement
Repealing Clean Power Plan
Expanding On & Offshore Drilling
Relaxing Vehicle Emissions
Conclusion

Chapter 19: Criticisms of Right’s Eco Agenda
Introduction
Economic vs. Environmental Interests
Influence of Fossil Fuel Industry
Implementation Challenges
Environmental Impacts
Long-Term Economic Costs
Global Leadership
Equity and Social Considerations
Environmental Justice
Liberal Environmental Programs
Alternative Energy
Benefits of Liberal Policies
Benefits of Sustainable Practices
Land Conservation
Grassroots Movements
Conclusion

Chapter 20: Conclusion
Introduction
Conservative Themes
Limitations of Conservative Policies
Liberal Critiques & Implications
Promoting Equity & Inclusion
Evidence Supporting Liberal Approaches
Conclusion




Sista Resister


Sista Resister

Bios of 50 Radical Women of Color Activists
Resisting Sexism, Colonialism & Racism

by m seenarine

Xpyr Press 2023. 327 pages
ISBN-10: ‎ 1734651407
Available on Amazon


This book presents 50 biographies of radical women of color activists from over 25 countries and territories. 

The book, Sista Resister: Bios of 50 Radical Women of Color Activists Resisting Sexism, Colonialism & Racism, introduce the biographies of women from over 25 countries and territories. This eclectic collection of biographies of female activists show that 'Third World' females are active on a wide range of issues, from women's and children's health, to housing and labor rights, the environment and climate change. The book is divided into two sections. Part I, on current sista resisters, chronicles the lives of 30 contemporary female activists, from Mexico to the Philippines. The 20 life stories in Part II, on foresisters of resistance, establish that women in the Global South were some of the earliest feminist thinkers and writers in the world. Each life story refutes the common misrepresentation of Indigenous, African, Asian, Latina, Muslim, Dalit and other females as docile creatures in need of Western rescue.

Contrary to their depiction in mainstream media as passive and docile, women in the 'Third World' were some of the first women's rightist activists. For instance, Fang Weiyi (1585 to 1668) and Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (1648 to 1695) wrote about women's rights a century before Mary Wollstonecraft (1759 to 1797), whose essay, “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman” (1792), is widely regarded as one of the first feminist text. And, Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain's (1880 to 1932) feminist science fiction novella, Sultana's Dream (1905), was written a decade before Charlotte Perkins Gilman's popular feminist utopian novel, Herland (1915). One of the main goals of this book is to amplify the voices of high-melanin female activists, and examples of their work are included in each portrait.

Table of Contents

Defining Terms and Intentions

ix

Glossary

x

Acknowledgments

xv

Preface

1

Introduction

9

 

 

PART I - CONTEMPORARY RESISTERS

 

 

 

1. Rebecca Lolosoli (Kenya)

47

2. Audra Simpson (Mohawk/Canada)

50

3. Marielle Franco (Rio, Brazil)

53

4. Sarah Deer (Muscogee/US)

58

5. Lydia Cacho (Mexico)

63

6. Yue Xin (Beijing, China)

68

7. Ece Temelkuran (Turkey)

72

8. Moya Bailey (Georgia, US)

77

9. Asmaa Mahfouz (Egypt)

81

10. Alma Caballero (Mexico)

86

11. Nadia Murad (Iraq)

89

12. Leymah Gbowee (Liberia)

93

13. Winona LaDuke (Ojibwe/US)

97

14. Malalai Joya (Afghanistan)

100

15. Risa Hontiveros (Philippines)

106

16. Wu Qing (Beijing, China)

109

17. Randa Jarrar (Chicago, US)

112

18. Tawakkol Karman (Yemen)

116

19. Norma Vázquez (Mexico)

120

20. LaDonna Brave Bull (Sioux/US)

124

21. Rigoberta Menchú (Guatemala)

128

22. Haneen Zoabi (Nazareth, Israel)

132

23. Carmen Cruz (Puerto Rico)

136

24. Phoolan Devi (India)

140

25. Alice Walker (Georgia, US)

145

26. Wangari Maathai (Kenya)

151

27. Haunani-Kay Trask (Hawaiʻi/US)

155

28. Loujain AlHathloul (Saudia Arabia)

161

29. Berta Cáceres (Honduras)

165

30. Assata Shakur (US/Cuba)

169

 

 

PART II - FORESISTAS of RESISTANCE

 

 

 

31. Queen Nzinga (Angola)

178

32. Fang Weiyi (China)

182

33. Sor Juana (Mexico)

185

34. Queen Aliquippa (Seneca/US)

190

35. Sojourner Truth (NY, US)

194

36. Bamewawagezhikaquay (Ojibwe/US)

202

37. Savitribai Phule (South Asia)

207

38. Forten Women (PA, US)

212

39. Harriet Tubman (MD, US)

219

40. Dolores Jiménez (Mexico)

228

41. Rokeya Hossain (South Asia)

233

42. Raden Adjeng Kartini (Indonesia)

238

43. Ida Bell Wells (MS, US)

243

44. Bibi Khānom Astarābādi (Iran)

251

45. Hiratsuka Raichō (Japan)

255

46. Lucy Parsons (TX, US)

260

47. Mirair Ngirmang (Palau)

266

48. María Rivera (Peru)

270

49. Yuri Kochiyama (CA, US)

274

50. Lolita Lebrón (Puerto Rico)

281

 

 

ADDENDUM

 

Abolition & Women's Rights (US)

289

Endnotes

297

 

 


Haunani-Kay Trask

 

“Politics - the blind are showing movies/in the plaza/so the deaf are gathering/in the plaza/so the mute can debate/in the plaza/the fate/of one beloved nation.”
            - Merlinda Bobis (born 1959) is a Philippine-Australian writer & academic.


Chapter 27. Haunani-Kay Trask (Hawaiʻi/US)


Introduction: Gynocentrism and Gift Economy

Among the Indigenous people of Turtle Island, corn was the staple crop, and the Green Corn Dance was celebrated from North to South America. This important dance varies by group, but the core is a commemoration of the gift of corn by an ancestral corn Goddess. This sacred gift was reciprocated among the people of many nations. In matrilineal cultures, corn was stored in large granaries and distributed equitably by the clan mothers, the oldest women from every extended family. Since Indigenous communities placed an emphasis on sharing and equity, inequality and stratification were far less of a problem than in Europe.

Gynocentric theorists link many forms of social oppression to male domination and the exchange economy. These feminists suggest that only by dismantling male rule and phallic supremacy will many of the social problems that plague our modern world be mitigated. In her fictional account of a mother-centered culture, “The World of the Gift Economy,” feminist scholar Genevieve Vaughan describes the characteristics of the maternal gift economy as "Giving rather than exchange in the way we transmit our goods." The female-centered system is based on unilateral giving, like the mothering of little children, who cannot give back an equivalent in exchange for what they receive from caregivers.

Gynocentric and matriarchal cultures focus on meeting the needs of its members, which establishes bonds of mutuality and trust between givers and receivers. For example, Vaughan writes, "Hums like to guess each other's needs, so it is not unusual if I need a new pair of shoes to find them on my doorstep without my even asking anyone." The relational economy helps the future society the author describes in “The World of the Gift Economy,” to overcome competition and violence so prevalent in male-dominated societies in each corner of the globe. She writes, "The elimination of Patriarchy and exchange everywhere has defused the emphasis on categorization and belonging to superior categories that was part of racism, classism and sexism."

Despite centuries of patriarchal colonization, it is remarkable that some gynocentric traditions remain, even in the colonized US, and other parts of Turtle Island. Many Indigenous survivors understand and write about the importance of maintaining female-centered ways of knowing and being, like gift-giving. First Nations female scholars also document the intersection of colonization, dispossession and racism on Turtle Island, and feminist, cultural, environmental and social justice activists could learn much from these women. A shining example of Indigenous female leadership is Haunani-Kay Trask of Hawaiʻi.

Haunani-Kay's Biography

Haunani-Kay Trask (born October 3rd 1949) is a Hawaiian nationalist, educator, political scientist and writer whose genealogy connects her to the Piʻilani line on her maternal side and the Kahakumakaliua line on her paternal side. The Hawaiian native grew up on the island of Oʻahu and continues to reside there. Known as "The Gathering Place", Oʻahu is the third-largest Hawaiian Island. The island has around one million people, about two-thirds of the state's population.

Haunani-Kay earned a BA, MA and PhD in political science from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. She graduated in 1981, and her dissertation was published as Eros and Power: The Promise of Feminist Theory (1986). Trask is professor emeritus of the Kamakakūokalani Center for Hawaiian Studies at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, and has represented Native Hawaiians at the UN and other global forums. Sista Trask is the author of two poetry books, Light in the Crevice Never Seen (1994) and Night Is a Sharkskin Drum (2002). And in addition to her thesis, Dr. Trask published the nonfiction, From a Native Daughter: Colonialism and Sovereignty in Hawaii (1993).

Professor Trask co-wrote and co-produced the award-winning documentary, Act of War: The Overthrow of the Hawaiian Nation (2011). The scholar-activist also created an educational video on the Hawaiian Sovereignty movement, Haunani-Kay Trask: We Are Not Happy Natives (2002). In March 2017, Hawaiʻi Magazine recognized the Oʻahu native as one of the most influential women in Hawaiian history.

As an Indigenous feminist, Haunani-Kay opposes tourism to Hawaiʻi, as well as US military's presence on the islands. In a 2014 interview, the Oʻahu native explained how she got involved with anti-military activism in the Pacific,
I got involved with Kahoʻolawe and the whole archipelagic idea of bombing ranges when I came back from college [in the mid-1970s from the University of Wisconsin Madison]. My mother, who was very straight, said you better come home, these people are going out there [to Kaho‘olawe] and getting arrested, and some of them are dying. It sounds like something you’d like. So that’s how I got into it. I did come home, and I didn’t write my dissertation for two years because I was so engaged in this process.
More recently the professor has spoken against the Akaka Bill to establish a process for Native Hawaiians to gain federal recognition similar to the recognition that some Native American tribes currently possess. Advocates of Hawaiian sovereignty oppose the bill since it disregards the 1993 Public Law (103-150) in which the US Congress apologized "for the overthrow and the deprivation of the rights of Native Hawaiians to self-determination." Professor Trask exposes the Eurocentric settler bias and violence present in her native islands, writing,
The color of violence, then, is the color of white over black, white over brown, white over red, white over yellow. It is the violence of north over south, of continents over archipelagos, of settlers over natives and slaves.
The Hawaiian studies scholar explains further that melaninized subjugation in the island chain is inter-linked with other layers of oppression,
Shaping this color scheme are the labyrinths of class and gender, of geography and industry, of metropoles and peripheries, of sexual definitions and confinements. There is not just one binary opposition, but many oppositions.
Melaninized persecution is one form of patriarchal dualism among many. Intersectional oppression in Hawaiʻi is complicated and requires complex analysis and multi-disciplinary approaches. The political scientist describes different levels of violence inherent in the occupation of Indigenous lands by the most powerful nation in the Anglo-sphere,
Within colonialism, such as that now practiced in my own country of Hawai'i, violence against women of color, especially our Native women, is the economic and cultural violence of tourism and of militarism. It is the violence of our imprisonments: reservations, incarcerations, diasporas. It is the violence of military bases, of the largest porting of nuclear submarines in the world, of the inundation of our exquisite islands by eager settlers and tourists from the American and Asian continents.
Predatory capitalism is part of colonialism and racism, and this gets translated into the society, language and institutions of Eurocentric rule on Turtle Island. The Hawaiian nationalist describes this process with regards to culture,
Colonialism began with conquest and is today maintained by a settler administration created out of the doctrine of cultural hierarchy. It is a hierarchy in which Euro-Americans and whiteness dominate non-Euro-Americans and darkness.
Professor Trask contends that in a colonial country, there must be dominance and subordination, and low-melanin hegemony delineates this hierarchy in the US. Thus, the Indigenous political scientist argues,
white people are the dominant group, Christianity is the dominant religion, capitalism is the dominant economy, and militarism is the dominant form of diplomacy and the underlying force of international relations. Violence is thus normal, and race prejudice, like race violence, is as American as apple pie.
People of European descent are an elite minority in the islands. Low-melanin people comprise about 25 percent of the ethnically diverse state's 1.3 million residents, while those who identify as Native Hawaiian account for around 20 percent. Most residents are of mixed 'race,' so multi-racial people are the majority. The female Indigenous scholar explains how structural racism works in the US,
In a racist society, there is no need to justify white racist behavior. The naturalness of segregation and hierarchy is the naturalness of hearing English on the street, or seeing a McDonalds on every other corner, or assuming the U.S. dollar and United Airlines will enable a vacation in Hawai'i, my native country. Indeed, the natural, everyday presence of the "way things are" explains the strength and resilience of racism. Racism envelops us, intoxicating our thoughts, permeating our brains and skins, determining the shape of our growth and the longevity of our lives.
As an activist poet, Professor Trask employs the “art as an anvil” method in her writing style. Recognizing that Indigenous Hawaiians have been relegated to the margins of their society, the First Nations poet utilizes her words as weapons against the colonizing oppressors. An example of the art as anvil approach can be seen in the poem, "Racist White Woman," featured in her 1994 book, Light in the Crevice Never Seen:
Racist White Woman
I could kick
Your face, puncture
Both eyes.
You deserve this kind
Of violence
No more vicious
Tongues, obscene
Lies.
Just a knife
Slitting your tight
Little heart.
For all my people
Under your feet
For all those years
Lived smug and wealthy
Off our land
Parasite arrogant
A fist
In your painted
Mouth, thick
With money
And piety.

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Dr. Moses Seenarine is an academic and author specializing in gender studies, environmental issues, and social justice. He earned his Ed.D. ...

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